PVA – Polyvinyl Alcohol is a water-soluble synthetic polymer. PVA has excellent film forming, emulsifying and adhesive properties. It is also resistant to oil, grease and solvents. It is odorless and nontoxic. It has high tensile strength and flexibility, as well as high oxygen and aroma barrier properties.

PVA Possible Uses

In 3D printing, PVA is sometimes used in printers with dual or multiple-extruders, in order to provide a support structure to an object with overhang issues. Some complex prints involving lots of extended overhangs can be realised only by printing such a support structure. Otherwise, the printed structure would warp or simply collapse.

PVA Probable Features
A finished 3D printed product can be put into water until the PVA has completely dissolved, freeing the object of the support structure, without the need of any pesky manual post-printing curing.

PVA Possible Disadvantages
PVA should be stored in a sealed box or container and may need to be dried before use. Another disadvantages of PVA include its high price difficult sourcing.

PVA – Polyvinyl Alcohol some available colors;
Solid raw form usually clear white.

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Poly Lactic Acid is a thermoplastic aliphatic polyester derived from renewable resources, such as corn starch (in the United States), tapioca roots, chips or starch (mostly in Asia), or sugarcane (in the rest of the world).
The name “polylactic acid” or “poly lactic acid” does not comply with IUPAC standard nomenclature, and is potentially ambiguous or confusing, because PLA is not a polyacid (polyelectrolyte), but rather a polyester.

Poly Lactic Acid Possible Uses
Being able to degrade into innocuous lactic acid, PLA is used as medical implants such as screws, pins, rods, and as a mesh. Depending on the exact type used, it breaks down within the body within 6 months to 2 years. This gradual degradation is desirable for a support structure, because it gradually transfers the load to the body (e.g. the hopefully healed bone).

PLA can also be used as a compostable packaging material, either cast, injection molded, or spun. Cups (for cold and room temperature applications) and bags have been made of this material. In the form of a film, it shrinks upon heating, allowing it to be used in shrink tunnels. It is useful for producing loose-fill packaging, compost bags, food packaging, and disposable tableware. In the form of fibers and non-woven textiles. PLA also has many potential uses, for example as upholstery, disposable garments, awnings, feminine hygiene products, and diapers.

Poly Lactic Acid Probable Features;
Poly Lactic Acid is good first test run material to get started with when you first start 3D printing. It has a very sharp glass transition point so if you use a fan to cool it on printing it will set to solid very quickly. This has the advantage of achieving a greater range of geometries than would be possible with other polymers and it also reduces the thermal stress on the printed part so warping is much less of an issue in larger parts when you 3D print with PLA. PLA can be post-production finished by sanding and spraying with automotive spray filler. You can also paint directly onto PLA with acrylic paints.
It is harder then PTFE and melts at a lower temperature (around 180°C to 220°C), and a glass transition temperature between 60-65 °C, so is potentially a very useful material.

Poly Lactic Acid Possible Disadvantages;
Due to PLA’s relatively low glass transition temperature, Poly Lactic Acid cups cannot hold hot liquids. However, much research is devoted to developing a heat resistant PLA.
It does exhibit higher friction than PTFE however which can make it difficult to extrude and more susceptible to extruder jams.

PLA – Poly Lactic Acid some available colors;
Solid: black, white, purple, yellow, blue and green, translucent: clear, red, blue and green.

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ABS combines the strength and rigidity of acrylonitrile and styrene polymers with the toughness of polybutadiene rubber. While the cost of producing ABS is roughly twice the cost of producing polystyrene, it is considered superior for its hardness, gloss, toughness, and electrical insulation properties.

ABS Possible Uses
Drain-waste-vent (DWV) pipe systems, musical instruments (recorders, plastic clarinets, and piano movements), golf club heads (due to its good shock absorbance), automotive trim components, automotive bumper bars, medical devices for blood access, enclosures for electrical and electronic assemblies, protective headgear, whitewater canoes, buffer edging for furniture and joinery panels, luggage and protective carrying cases, small kitchen appliances, and toys, such as Lego bricks.

ABS Probable Features
Flame Retardant, High Heat Resistance, High Impact Resistance, Good Impact Resistance, High Flow, General Purpose, Good Flow, High Gloss, Good Dimensional Stability.

ABS Possible Disadvantages
Limited weathering resistance, moderate heat, moisture and chemical resistance, relatively high cost, flammable with high smoke generation.

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